ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor

ferdinand ii, holy roman emperor2022/04/25

[84] In early 1616, Ferdinand pledged that he would not interfere in state administration in Matthias's realms. Ferdinand II, who had been married to his second wife, Eleonora Gonzaga of Mantua, since 1622, died in Vienna in 1637. A hadi cselekmnyek egszen 1648-ig tartottak. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria. The French were highly dissatisfied with the terms of the Peace of Prague concluded in 1635, the last important act of Ferdinand. war Sohn des Erzherzogs Karl II. Ferdinand was installed as the actual ruler of the Inner Austrian provinces in 1596 and 1597. [21] He avoided discussion of religious affairs with the Estates, taking advantage of their fear of an Ottoman invasion and the peasant uprisings in Upper Austria. Wallenstein was able to recruit some 30,000 men (later expanded up to 100,000), with whom he was able to defeat the Protestants in Silesia, Anhalt and Denmark. [73] They decided to support Matthias's election as King of the Romans (which could have secured his right to succeed Rudolph II), but the three ecclesiastical electors opposed the plan because of Matthias's concessions to the Protestants in Hungary, Austria and Bohemia. Father of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Karl von Habsburg, Erzherzog; Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser; H.I. Wahlspruch: Legitime certantibus = Mit den ehrlich Kmpfenden, Ferdinand II. [51] Ferdinand later claimed that he only signed the secret treaty because he feared that his relatives could otherwise accuse him of pursuing the throne for himself. [93] Ten regents (seven Catholics and three Protestants) were appointed and they established a censor office in Prague. An indecisive man, he depended much on the influence of his counselors and his Jesuit confessors. [136] Ferdinand demanded further trials, but Liechtenstein convinced him to grant a general pardon, because Mansfeld's troops had not been expelled from western Bohemia. Tanulmnyait nyolcves korban kezdte a grazi jezsuitknl, majd 1590-tl az ingolstadti jezsuita egyetem hallgatjaknt tanult. Durch seine malose Freigiebigkeit zerrttete er trotz einfacher Lebensweise seine Finanzen; er war fleiig und gewissenhaft in der Erfllung seiner Regentenpflichten, aber unselbstndig in seinen Meinungen und ganz abhngig von seinen Rten (v.a. Though elected Holy Roman emperor on August 28, 1619, Ferdinand was able to maintain himself only with support from Spain, Poland, and various German princes. [citation needed]. Graz 1998. Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela (1750-1762). Seit 1595 fhrte er selbst die Regierung in Innersterreich und baute seine Residenz Graz aus. [83], Matthias fell seriously ill in late April 1617. Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II (1741-1790) Archduchess Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (1742-1798) Archduchess Maria Elisabeth (1743-1808). After only two hours of fighting, the Catholics emerged victorious. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor Reign 5 January . Below is the article summary. [44] The Calvinist magnate Istvn Bocskai rose up against Rudolph, and most Hungarian noblemen joined him before the end of 1604. This was, in effect, the beginning of the Thirty Years War. [92] He was crowned king in the St. Vitus Cathedral on 29 June. Upon his death in 1564, his son, Maximilian II took the reigns. [115] Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania, made an alliance with the Bohemians and invaded Upper Hungary (mainly present-day Slovakia) in September. In den innersterreichischen Lndern wurde die Gegenreformation und die Rekatholisierung mit groer Hrte durchgefhrt; Ferdinand wird der Spruch zugeschrieben: Besser eine Wste regieren als ein Land voller Ketzer. Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (July 16, 1611-March 24, 1644), who married her cousin Wadysaw IV Vasa, King of Poland. [105][106] Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy hired Ernst von Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians. [109] After Ferdinand's general, Count Bucquoy, defeated the Bohemian rebels in the Battle of Sablat, Thurn lifted the siege on 12 June. [78] Philip III of Spain announced his claim to succeed Matthias in Bohemia and Hungary, emphasizing that his mother, Anna, the sister of Matthias, had never renounced her right to the two realms. Ferdinand of Hapsburg was born in Graz in Styria on July 13, 1608, son of the later emperor Ferdinand II and Maria Anna of Bavaria. Ferdinand II. 178. [80][83], Matthias adopted Ferdinand as his son in 1615, but without proposing Ferdinand's election as king of the Romans, because he feared that Ferdinand would force him to abdicate. For the full article, see, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Ferdinand-II-Holy-Roman-emperor. [87][83], Matthias convoked the Diet of Hungary to Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia) in early 1618. [69][70] However, William V and Maximilian of Bavaria ignored him when they and the three ecclesiastical electorsthe archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologneestablished the Catholic League in February 1610. On 8 November 1620 his troops, led by the Flemish general Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, smashed the rebels of Frederick V, who had been elected as rival King in 1619. [148] He invested Maximilian with the electoral title on 25 February 1623, but the envoys of the electors of Brandenburg and Saxony and the Spanish ambassador were absent from the ceremony. [107] The directors ignored Ferdinand's acts and made further preparations for an armed conflict. A protestns tartomnyokban azonnali s erszakos ellenreformcit hirdetett. [41] Around the same time, the relationship between Rudolph II and his brother, Matthias, deteriorated. [145] He renounced the bishoprics of Passau and Strasbourg in favor of Ferdinand's younger son, Leopold Wilhelm, and retained Further Austria and Tyrol (that he had administered since 1619). Corrections? [83] Ferdinand sought assistance from Spain and the Venetians received support from the Dutch and English, but neither side could achieve a decisive victory in the Uskok War. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (161937), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (161719, 162027), and king of Hungary (161825). etc. [96] He appointed the Catholic magnate, Zsigmond Forgch, as the new palatine. In order to muster an imperial army to continue the war, he applied to Albrecht von Wallenstein, one of the richest men in Bohemia: the latter accepted on condition that he could keep total control over the direction of the war, as well as over the booties taken during the operations. The campaigning of 1633 was indecisive, partly because Wallenstein was negotiating with the enemy, thinking that the army would be loyal to him, rather than Ferdinand, and follow him if he switched sides. In erster Ehe heiratete Ferdinand am 23. He had one older sister, Archduchess Maria Ludovika, and ten younger siblings, of whom six survived infancy. [45] In 1600, he sent an envoy to the Uskoks, whom the Uskoks murdered. [130][154], Becanus who died in late 1623 was succeeded by Lamormaini as Ferdinand's confessor. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620. Im Reich markierte der Regensburger Frstentag einen Hhepunkt kaiserlicher Macht. [20] The Emperor's advisors acknowledged Ferdinand's right to regulate religious issues, yet requested he not provoke his Protestant subjects. Shortly afterwards, he began to suppress the practice of non-Catholic faiths within his territory. Son of Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich and Maria, Prinzessin von Bayern Aber bald darauf, 1630, zwangen ihn die Frsten der Liga, denen er zu mchtig geworden war, auf dem Reichstag in Regensburg, zur Entlassung Wallensteins und zur Verminderung der kaiserlichen Truppen. [4] They were devout Catholics, but Charles II had to grant concessions to his Lutheran subjects in 1572 and 1578 to secure the predominantly Protestant nobles and burghers' financial support for the establishment of a new defense system against the Ottoman Turks. Ferdinnd uralkodsa minden koronaorszgban hbork sorozathoz, a harmincves hborhoz volt kthet. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor. Ferdinand was born on April 19, 1793, in Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire, to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. - . and Maria Anna of Bavaria; elected King of the Romans, December 1636; succedeed his father on the imperial throne, February 1637. [11] Maria and William V tried to secure the regency for her, but Rudolph II, who was the head of the Habsburg family, appointed his own brothersfirst Ernest in 1592, and then in 1593, Maximilian IIIto the post. [30] He ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers from Styria, Carinthia and Carniola on 13 September, emphasizing that he was the "general overseer of all ecclesiastical foundations in his hereditary lands". Free shipping for many products! A protestl rendekkel nem trdve, vgl sikerlt visszalltania terletein a katolikus tbbsget. 1630 , , 1632 . [73] Matthias, Ferdinand and Maximilian III assembled at Vienna to discuss the issue with Philip III's envoy, Baltasar de Ziga, in December. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. -23 1600 , , , 7 : , (1601). [158] Maximilian I of Bavaria, who still held Upper Austria in pledge, proposed a cautious approach in the province, but Ferdinand ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers on 4 October. [84] Philip's new envoy at Vienna, igo Vlez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oate, and Ferdinand signed a secret treaty on 29 July 1617. Die Ehe blieb kinderlos. [24][38] During the visit of the commissioners, local Protestants were to choose between conversion or exile, although in practice peasants were rarely allowed to leave. He unwillingly presided over the triumph of Protestantism in Germany. He was also the last governor of the Spanish Netherlands and Duke of Luxembourg. [167] Bethlen promised to launch a new military campaign against Royal Hungary and Richelieu agreed to send a subsidy to him. [130] By that time, Ferdinand had banned all Protestant pastors from Prague, ignoring John George I of Saxony's protests. [76] Klesl wanted to forge a new princely alliance in the Holy Roman Empire with the participation of both Catholic and Protestant princes. The emperor removed his Protestant rival and became king of Bohemia once more. Married Eleanora Gonzaga, March 1651. [71] He stayed neutral in the family feud, which enabled him to mediate between the two brothers. Ferdinand II (1452-1516), was a Holy Roman Emperor, who belonged to the famous family of Habsburg which ruled Austria for almost 650 years. Es wurde nun regelrecht Gericht ber Wallenstein gehalten, der fr schuldig erklrt und gechtet wurde. Yet, basing his policies chiefly on religious principles, he suffered from discrepancies between his religious goals and the maxims of a modern raison dtat. , (16081657). COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Empire Action Figure Body Hands. [44] Taking advantage of his relatives' anxiety, Matthias persuaded Ferdinand, Maximilian and Ferdinand's brother, Maximilian Ernest, to start new negotiations concerning Rudolph's succession. [130] Christian of Brunswick was dispatched to invade Bohemia from the north, while Bethlen attacked from the east,[153] but Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly routed Brunswick in the Battle of Stadtlohn on 23 August 1623. [116][117] After learning of Bethlen's success, Frederick V accepted the Bohemian crown on 28 September. [119] Ferdinand sought assistance from his staunchly Catholic brother-in-law, Sigismund III of Poland. [87][88] The Venetians again laid siege to Gradisca in March 1617. Nach dem Tod seines Vaters (1590) bergab seine streng katholische Mutter die Erziehung des Knaben den Jesuiten in Ingolstadt, die ihm einen unvershnlichen Hass gegen den Protestantismus einflten, so dass er zu Loreto vor dem Altar der Mutter Gottes freiwillig das feierliche Gelbde ablegte, den Katholizismus um jeden Preis wieder zur allein herrschenden Religion in seinen Staaten zu machen. Free shipping for many products! [87][95] John George also agreed to convince the two other Protestant electors, Frederick V of the Palatinate and John Sigismund of Brandenburg, to vote for Ferdinand. Band 18, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Sp. [138] After lengthy negotiations, Bethlen renounced the title of king of Hungary, after Ferdinand ceded him seven Hungarian counties and two Silesian duchies in the Peace of Nikolsburg on 31 December 1621. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He belonged to the House of Habsburg, a German royal family. Sodan laajetessa siihen liittyi vallanhaluisten ruhtinaiden ja maiden, etenkin Ruotsin ja Ranskan, pyrkimys rajoittaa Habsburg-suvun hallitseman keisarikunnan valtaa. Ferdinand III (1608-1657) reigned as Holy Roman emperor from 1637 to 1657. Anfang des Jahres 1634 - Wallensteins Lager befand sich damals in Pilsen - war der aufgestachelte Kaiser durch Berichte Piccolominis, die geheimen Verhandlungen des Generalissimus mit Schweden und Franzosen, vermittelt durch den Emigranten Graf Kinsky, und durch den sog. [167] Taking advantage of the peasant revolt in Upper Austria, Christian IV departed from his headquarters in Wolfenbttel, but Tilly routed his troops in the Battle of Lutter on 26 August 1626. [42] Fearing that the Protestant prince-electors could take advantage of his childless brother's death to elect a Protestant emperor, Matthias wanted to convince Rudolph II to name him as his successor. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [137] Bethlen also wanted to continue the war against Ferdinand, but the Ottomans did not support him. [120] After his new confessor, the Jesuit Martin Becanus, assured him that he could grant concessions to the Protestants to secure their loyalty, Ferdinand confirmed the Lutherans' right to practise their religion in Lower Austria, save the towns on 8 July 1620. Dies ist nicht verwunderlich, da Ferdinand II. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years War. Sodan pasiallisena alkusyyn olivat katolisten ja protestanttien vliset ristiriidat. [2] Being a daughter of Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, by Charles II's sister Anna, Maria of Bavaria was her husband's niece. Rudolf II also charged him with the command of the defense of Croatia, Slavonia, and southeastern Hungary against the Ottoman Empire. At the electoral convention of Regensburg in 1636, he secured the election of his son, Ferdinand III, as king of the Romans, which prepared the way for his succession as Holy Roman emperor. He was also the Archduke of Styria (Inner Austria) from 15901637, King of Bohemia from 1617-1619 and again from 1620-1637, as well as King of Hungary from 1618-1625. Ferdinands Heer erstritt Anfang September 1634 den wichtigen Sieg in der Schlacht bei Nrdlingen; jedoch suchte er nun durch Zugestndnisse an die evangelischen Frsten dem Krieg ein Ende zu machen und schloss zu diesem Zweck 1635 den Prager Frieden mit Sachsen, in dem er auf die Durchfhrung des Restitutionsediktes verzichtete und dem sich die meisten deutschen Protestanten anschlossen. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austrias indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the countrys national integration. [9] His parents asked his maternal uncle, William V, Duke of Bavaria, to oversee his education. Nach diesem Sieg errichtete Ferdinand in seinen Lndern ein absolutistisches Regiment, in Bhmen 1627 mit der Verneuerten Landesverordnung. [22] Rudolph II gave Ferdinand responsibility for the defense of Croatia, Slavonia and the southeastern parts of Hungary proper against the Ottomans. Ferdinands Edict of Restitution (1629), which forced Protestants to return to the Roman Catholic church all property seized since 1552, revealed to the German princes the threat of imperial absolutism. [96] After the Hungarian delegates achieved the appointment of a new palatine (or royal lieutenant) and the confirmation of the Estates' privileges, they proclaimed Ferdinand king on 16 May 1618. [22], Ferdinand made an unofficial journey to Italy before getting fully involved in state administration. A very pious Catholic, he especially favoured the Jesuits. Um diese Acht zu vollstrecken, lie Ferdinand spanische und ligistische Truppen in die Rheinpfalz einrcken und in den besetzten Gebieten den Protestantismus gewaltsam unterdrcken, wodurch der Religionskrieg nach Deutschland gelangte. 1527-1576. Besides German he spoke Italian, French, and Spanish, was fond of music, and liked reading religious books, but his passion was hunting. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styriadied Feb. 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617-19, 1620-27) and king of Hungary (1618-25). [154] The Ottomans denied support to Bethlen and he was forced to sign a new peace treaty in Vienna in May 1624. Ferdinand was born in 1503 in Alcal de Henares, Castile, the second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile. Ferdinand II. Free shipping for many products! Barnabitenkolleg, Wien 1756. Band 6. [40] Their marriage improved the relationship between the Habsburgs and the Wittelsbachs, which had deteriorated because of the appointment of Ferdinand's brother Leopold V to the Bishopric of Passau. [151] Lamormaini awakened Ferdinand's determination to adopt strict measures against the Protestants. Ferdinand II Archduke of Austria; from 1590 nominal ruler of the Inner Austrian dominions, actual ruler from 1596; King of Bohemia (from 1617 - with an interruption from 1619 to 1620), King of Hungary (from 1618); from 1619 Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy to his death in 1637 Born in Graz on 9 July 1578 During the first decade of the Thirty Years War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinates electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. Ferdinand regarded the regulation of religious issues as a royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598. [61][62], Ferdinand's appointment as the Emperor's deputy to the Diet implied that Rudolph regarded Ferdinandthe only Habsburg who had already fathered childrenas his successor. [90][91] Ferdinand promised to respect the Letter of Majestya royal diploma that guaranteed religious freedom in the Lands of the Bohemian Crownonly after consulting with the local Jesuits. [85] Philip acknowledged Ferdinand's right to inherit Matthias's realms, but Ferdinand promised to cede territories in Alsace, along with Finale Ligure and the Principality of Piombino in Italy to Philip after he succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand konnte noch die Wahl seines Sohnes Ferdinand III. [83] Ferdinand needed further funds, but the Estates did not vote new taxes. Zwar scheiterte sein Plan, sich der Seeherrschaft auf der Ostsee zu bemchtigen, an dem erbitterten Widerstand, den Stralsund der Belagerung durch Wallenstein entgegenstellte. Ferdinand II was a 17th century Holy Roman Emperor. Born in the castle in Graz on 9 July 1578, Ferdinand was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. He was the son of Charles II, the archduke of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Birth of Leopold Wilhelm von sterreich-Habsburg, Er Empereur d'Allemagne (1619-1637), Made Archduke of the Duchy, and crowned Emperor of Austria, 1576, on the death of his grandfather, Balthaer., Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand II, 1578-1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), king of Bohemia (1617-37) and of Hungary (1618-37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias. [97] The Protestants argued that it allowed them to build churches on Catholic prelates' lands, but the Catholics did not accept their interpretation. A devout Catholic, his recognition as King of Bohemia and suppression of Protestantism precipitated the early events of the Thirty Years' War. In the spring of 1632, Wallenstein raised a fresh army in a matter of weeks and drove the Protestant army out of Bohemia. In 1600 he married Maria Anna of Bavaria, who bore him four children. soll ihm "bis zum blinden Gehorsam" vertraut haben. [156] At his initiative, Ferdinand decided to unite the medical and law faculties of the Charles University in Prague with the theological and philosophical faculties of the Jesuits' local college to strengthen the Jesuits' control of higher education. A good-natured, benevolent, affable monarch, he was imbued with the belief in the splendour of the imperial crown and the greatness of his dynasty. [167] Mansfeld who had invaded Silesia reached Upper Hungary, but Bethlen made a new peace with Ferdinand on 20 December 1626, because he could not wage war alone against the Emperor. These pieces of furniture have been reassembled from fragments, some of which may come from the imperial villa of Lucius Verus (co-emperor, A.D. 161-169), on the Via Cassia outside Rome. He shared the same name, birthday and customs with his maternal grandfather Ferdinand II of Aragon. 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